These are the best telephoto lenses for aerial photography when you want crisp, vibration-resistant reach, fast and reliable autofocus, and strong contrast for landscapes, coastlines, city grids, farms, and infrastructure—shot from planes, helicopters, and doors-off—without fighting plexiglass glare or engine shake—and here’s what to look for as you buy: prioritize linear/stepper AF motors that lock at distance, honest long-end sharpness, effective optical stabilization with a usable “normal” mode (but be ready to disable IBIS in severe vibration), weather sealing for dust and rotor wash, good flare control, and close-focus that still performs at infinity; 70–200mm and 100–400mm are the aerial sweet spots (tight framing without extreme shimmer), while fast 135–200mm primes give speed and clarity. Full-frame standouts: Sony FE 70–200mm ƒ2.8 GM II (light, blazing AF), FE 70–200mm ƒ4 G II (sharp, compact with excellent close-focus), FE 100–400mm GM (reliable long-end), and FE 200–600mm G (use 200–400mm range for best heat-haze resilience); Canon RF 70–200mm ƒ2.8L IS and RF 70–200mm ƒ4L IS (tiny for class, superb IS), RF 100–400mm ƒ5.6–8 IS (shockingly good, featherweight), and adapted EF 70–200mm ƒ4L IS II / EF 100–400mm II (still aerial legends); Nikon Z 70–200mm ƒ2.8 S (stellar optics and VR), Z 70–180mm ƒ2.8 (compact), Z 100–400mm ƒ4.5–5.6 S (fast AF, disciplined long end), and Z 180–600mm ƒ5.6–6.3 (work in the mid-range for steadier shots); L-mount: Panasonic S 70–200mm ƒ2.8 OIS / S 70–300mm OIS (Dual I.S. rocks in choppers), Sigma 100–400mm DG DN OS (light, crisp reach); prime lovers: Sony FE 135mm ƒ1.8 GM, Canon RF 135mm ƒ1.8L IS, Nikon Z 135mm ƒ1.8 S Plena, and classic EF/F 200mm ƒ2.8 (fast, contrasty—great when light drops). APS-C and Micro Four Thirds winners: Sony E 70–350mm ƒ4.5–6.3 G OSS (long OSS that stays sharp), Fujifilm XF 70–300mm ƒ4–5.6 OIS (light, TC-friendly), XF 50–140mm ƒ2.8 OIS (pro build for doors-off), Canon RF-S 55–210mm IS STM (tiny stabilized reach), Nikon Z DX 50–250mm VR (surprisingly good from the air), OM SYSTEM 40–150mm ƒ2.8 PRO and 40–150mm ƒ4 PRO (weather-sealed, Sync IS on supported bodies), Panasonic 35–100mm ƒ2.8 II OIS and 100–300mm ƒ4–5.6 II OIS (compact, stabilized). Practical buyer tips: choose a 70–200/2.8 if you often fly late/early and need speed, a 70–200/4 for light weight and sharpness, and a 100–400 when you want flexible framing from varying altitudes; internal zooms balance best in wind and tight cabins; avoid super-long 500–600mm framing unless air is crystal—the shimmer and shake can waste pixels; standardize filter diameters for one slim CPL, but use it sparingly—uneven sky polarization from altitude can blotch the frame; carry a collapsible rubber hood to shadow plexiglass, and a clear filter as a sacrificial front in dusty rotor wash. Aerial shooting tips: if possible shoot doors-off/windows-open to avoid glare; if you must shoot through plexi, press a rubber hood lightly and keep the lens square to the surface; kill IBIS on bodies that “fight” vibration and rely on lens IS (test both), set high shutter speeds (≈1/1000–1/2000s for sharp frames), run AF-C with a far distance limiter and wide-area (subjects at infinity), start around ƒ5.6–ƒ8 for corner discipline, ride Auto-ISO with a sensible ceiling, burst in short controlled sprays to beat micro-jitter, and watch heat haze—shorter focal lengths + closer subjects beat cranking zoom; pre-plan altitudes/headings for sun angle, wear dark clothing to reduce reflections, keep straps tight, and always follow crew safety procedures; in post, lean on dehaze and gentle contrast curves—clear, high-frequency detail is the hallmark of great aerial telephoto work, and the best lenses balance stabilization, edge discipline, and responsive AF so your frames stay sharp, clean, and cinematic from above.